Butterflies and moths are indicators of a healthy ecosystem; diverse and abundant populations are typically associated with habitats rich in floral diversity, which are also host to a plethora of other invertebrates. Healthy populations of invertebrates are vital for pollination of crops and natural pest management. Moths and butterflies are a key part of the food chain, the adults and their larvae provide an abundant food source for a host of bird species, bats, reptiles, amphibians and small mammals. In addition to their value within the ecosystem, they form an important part of our natural heritage and have inspired literature and song throughout the centuries. Lastly, butterflies and moths are conspicuous and beautiful and are enjoyed by people all across the
world.
Unfortunately, three-quarters of British butterflies in decline as a result of unprecedented degradation and loss of habitats and climate change. To conserve butterfly populations on farmland there are a few simple measures that can be implemented:
Retain and manage sympathetically any areas of unimproved pasture, rough grassland, or flower-rich areas. Avoid use of pesticides and fertilizers on these areas, and leave some areas to grow tall.
- Cut hedges in rotation so that each section is cut every 2 -3 years or longer but with some taller, some wider and some free growth -especially at hedge junctions.
- Retain hedgerow trees.
- Do not cut all hedge verges in one year as many butterflies overwinter in tall or tussocky vegetation.
- Create sunny rides and glades with shrubby margins in farm woodland and leave rough grassy strips around wood edges.
- Retain numerous patches of nettles in sunny sites. If cut in mid-July, this creates young growth favoured by the summer brood of Small Tortoiseshell butterflies. Nettle patched in full sun are favoured by butterflies.